In hydrology, discharge is the volume rate of water flow that is transported through a given cross-sectional area. Whereas, In any particular fluid dynamics and hydrometry, the volumetric flow rate, (also known as volume flow rate), is the volume of fluid which passes per unit time. THANKS FOR READING.
What is the appropriate definition of streamflow?
Definition of streamflow : water flowing in a stream channel specifically : the velocity and volume of such water.
Does discharge equal flow rate?
The amount of fluid passing a section of a stream in unit time is called the discharge. If v is the mean velocity and A is the cross sectional area, the discharge Q is defined by Q = Av which is known as volume flow rate. Discharge is also expressed as mass flow rate and weight flow rate.
How is streamflow discharge measured?
Measuring Discharge It is most commonly expressed in cubic feet per seconds or gallons per day. To calculate discharge, multiply the area of water in a channel cross section by the average velocity of water in that cross section.Which of the following is used to measure streamflow?
Sources/Usage: Public Domain. The velocity of the streamflow can be measured using a current meter. The most common current meter used by the USGS is the Price AA current meter. The Price AA current meter has a wheel of six metal cups that revolve around a vertical axis.
What is the difference between streamflow and overland flow?
What is the difference between overland flow and streamflow? Overland is unchanneled water running downhill, stream flow is channeled usually into a valley bottom. … It’s all the land in an area that when it rains the water end up in the stream.
Why is streamflow important?
Stream flow, or discharge, is the volume of water that moves over a designated point over a fixed period of time. … It is important because of its impact on water quality and on the living organisms and habitats in the stream.
What is a river's discharge?
River discharge is the volume of water passing through a measuring point or gauging station in a river at a given time. It is measured in cubic metres per second .What controls the magnitude of stream discharge?
The discharge of a stream is the product of its velocity (V – length of travel per unit of time such as feet/second) times depth of the water (D – unit of length) times width (W of the water – units of length). (Make sure all all three lengths are expressed in the same unit.)
What is the difference between an effluent stream and influent stream?Effluent rivers are streams which get their water from the groundwater. The surface of the stream directly relates to the surface of the groundwater (called the water table), and the stream will rise and fall as the water table rises and falls. … Influent streams do not usually get deeper and wider downstream.
Article first time published onWhat is the equation for calculating discharge?
From cross-section and average speed. The flow rate of a stream is equal to the flow velocity (speed) multiplied by the cross-sectional area of the flow. The equation Q=AV (Q=discharge rate, A=area, V=velocity) is sometimes known as the discharge equation.
What is discharge in pipe?
discharge pipe – a pipe through which fluids can be discharged. hydrant – a discharge pipe with a valve and spout at which water may be drawn from the mains of waterworks. pipage, pipe, piping – a long tube made of metal or plastic that is used to carry water or oil or gas etc.
How do I calculate discharge pipe size?
The equation for pipe diameter is the square root of 4 times the flow rate divided by pi times velocity. For example, given a flow rate of 1,000 inches per second and a velocity of 40 cubic inches per second, the diameter would be the square root of 1000 times 4 divided by 3.14 times 40 or 5.64 inches.
What is rate of discharge?
The discharge rate is defined as the steady current in amperes (A) that can be taken from a battery of defined capacity (Ah) over a defined period (h). … Batteries for CEGB power stations are normally specified for a 10-hour rate.
What is discharge measurement?
Streamflow discharge is defined as the volume rate of flow of water that includes any substances dissolved or suspended in the water. Discharge is usually expressed in units of cubic feet per second (cfs or ft3/sec). … Discharge measurements are initially made are made frequently over a wide range in stages.
Is it possible to measure discharge at cross section?
The measurement of the cross section is necessary to determine the total discharge, which is the volume and velocity of the water. Measuring the width and depth of the waterway, and multiplying these measurements together determine the cross section.
What is discharge hydrograph?
A hydrograph is a graph showing the rate of flow (discharge) versus time past a specific point in a river, channel, or conduit carrying flow. The rate of flow is typically expressed in cubic meters or cubic feet per second (cms or cfs).
What factors affect streamflow?
- Runoff from rainfall and snowmelt.
- Evaporation from soil and surface-water bodies.
- Transpiration by vegetation.
- Ground-water discharge from aquifers.
- Ground-water recharge from surface-water bodies.
- Sedimentation of lakes and wetlands.
What is the greatest factor controlling streamflow?
Precipitation: The greatest factor controlling streamflow, by far, is the amount of precipitation that falls in the watershed as rain or snow. However, not all precipitation that falls in a watershed flows out, and a stream will often continue to flow where there is no direct runoff from recent precipitation.
How does streamflow affect water quality?
Flow directly affects the amount of oxygen dissolved in the water. … The amount of sediment and debris a stream can carry also depends on its flow since higher velocity increases stream bank and stream channel scouring and erosion, and also keeps particulate materials suspended in the water.
Which of the following may be used for measurement of discharge of water in river or stream?
Explanation: Current meter: It is a device used for measuring the speed of flow in a watercourse. The most common type of current meters relates current speed to the rate at which an impeller is rotated by the flowing water.
Why does stream discharge vary?
There are several factors that affect stream discharge. The velocity of the water affects it; faster water means more passes per second so more discharge. The width and depth of the river also affects it; a larger river at the same speed will have higher discharge.
What increases stream discharge?
Discharge increases as more water is added through rainfall, tributary streams, or from groundwater seeping into the stream. As discharge increases, generally width, depth, and velocity of the stream also increase.
What would happen if a stream or river has too much discharge?
Floods occur when the discharge of the stream becomes too high to be accommodated in the normal stream channel. When the discharge becomes too high, the stream widens its channel by overtopping its banks and flooding the low-lying areas surrounding the stream. The areas that become flooded are called floodplains.
Where is a river's discharge the greatest?
1. Large drainage basins catch more precipitation so have a higher peak discharge compared to smaller basins. Smaller basins generally have shorter lag times because precipitation does not have as far to travel. The shape of the drainage basin also affects runoff and discharge.
What river has the highest discharge?
NoContinentRiver1South AmericaAmazon2AfricaCongo (Zaire)3AsiaGanges/Brahmaputra/Meghna4South AmericaOrinoco
What is peak discharge?
Peak discharge is the maximum rate of flow for a given condition and is used in the design of conservation measures. … Peak discharge is also referred to as peak rate of discharge or peak rate of runoff. It is usually referred to in units of cubic feet per second, or cfs.
What is an influent What is the difference between influent and effluent?
Influent is water that “flows in“. This is the raw, untreated wastewater. Effluent means to “flow out”. … This water is safe for discharge to lakes or rivers.
What is meant by influent stream?
influent stream. Definition English: Stream or reach of stream that loses water to the ground and contributes water to the saturated zone. The upper surface of such a stream stands higher than the water table or other potentiometric surface of the aquifer to which it contributes.
What is the difference between piezometric surface and water table?
Piezometric Surface. The distinction between the water table and the piezometric, also known as potentiometric, surface is the difference between the naturally occurring surface of water in a groundwater aquifer and the surface of water in a monitoring well in a confined aquifer.
How is annual discharge calculated?
How is it calculated? Mean annual flow is obtained by dividing the sum of all the individual daily flows by the number of daily flows recorded for the year. You can also select the average function (=average( ) ) in Excel to the find the mean annual flow.
